What generation of cephalosporins is rarely used for active infections?

Second-generation cephalosporins are rarely used for active infections primarily due to their spectrum of activity and effectiveness compared to more recent generations. While they do have some benefits against certain types of bacteria, they generally offer less efficacy against the broad range of pathogens encountered in higher-tier infections when compared to third and fourth generation cephalosporins.

Moreover, third-generation cephalosporins have improved activity against gram-negative bacteria and are often employed in more serious infections, while fourth-generation cephalosporins provide an even broader spectrum and better resistance to beta-lactamase enzymes. Since the second generation does not significantly contribute to the treatment of severe infections or those caused by resistant organisms, its clinical use has decreased over time.

In contrast, first-generation cephalosporins are still utilized for treating infections caused by gram-positive bacteria, and third and fourth generations are integral in handling more complex, resistant infections, making second-generation cephalosporins less relevant in current practice.