What type of infection is commonly treated with nitrofurantoin?

Nitrofurantoin is specifically indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Its mechanism involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and disrupting various metabolic processes, making it effective against a range of bacteria commonly associated with UTIs. The drug is often chosen for its targeted action within the urinary tract, where it reaches high concentrations.

In contrast, upper respiratory infections are usually caused by viruses or different pathogens that nitrofurantoin does not effectively address. Skin infections are typically treated with other classes of antibiotics that target skin-specific bacteria, and gastrointestinal infections require antibiotics or treatments tailored to pathogens found in the digestive system. Thus, nitrofurantoin's pharmacological properties and clinical indications confirm its role as a primary agent in managing urinary tract infections.